Hyponatremia

 
Hyponatremia:
Risk Factors:

• GI loss
• SIADH
• Adrenal insufficiency
• Diuretics
• Water intoxication
• Decreased intake

Manifestations:

• Na+ < 135 mEq/L
• Weakness
• Lethargy
• Confusion
• Seizures
• Coma

Interventions:

• Daily weight
• Assess CNS changes
• I/O
• Administer IVF [hypertonic (acute); isotonic (restore volume)]
• Seizure precautions
• Teach sodium-rich food
• If etiology is FVE, restrict fluids
• NOTE: risk for hypertonic solutions is cerebral edema